当前位置: 首页 > 教师博客 > 语法知识汇总

语法知识汇总

2025年05月06日 10:31:22 来源:网校空间 访问量:78

一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格


(一)名词单复数

  1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

 5.不规则名词复数:

  man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

  child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

  不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea


(二)名词的格

  (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:

  a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

  b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags

  c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes

  l并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:

  Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车

  l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s

  Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

  (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:

  a picture of the classroom a map of China




二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:


 (1)不定冠词:a / an

  元音开头的可数名词前用an :

  an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /


 (2)定冠词:the

  定冠词的用法:

  (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.

  (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

  (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

  (4)在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.

  (5)用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening


不用冠词的情况:

  (1)专有名词前:China is a big country.

  (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:

  This is my baseball.

  (3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

  (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

  (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

  (6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

  * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.

  (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.

  (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.

  (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus




三、代词、形容词、副词


代词:人称代词,物主代词

  人称代词物主代词

  主格宾格

  第一

  人称单数I(我)memy(我的)

  复数we(我们)usour(我们的)

  第二

  人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)

  复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)

  第三

  人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)

  she(她)herher(她的)

  it(它)itits(它的)

  复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)


形容词,副词:比较级,最高级


  (一)、形容词的比较级

  1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。

  2.形容词加er的规则:

  ⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;

  ⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;

  ⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;

  ⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。

  3.不规则形容词比较级:

  good-better, beautiful-more beautiful


 (二)副词的比较级

  1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)

  ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

  ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

  2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)




四、数词:基数词、序数词


    基数词

 (1)1-20

  one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty


 (2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。

  23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one


 (3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;


  586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three


 (4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion

  1,001→one thousand and one

  18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

  6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

  750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion

序数词

  (1)一般在基数词后加th

  eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth

  (2)不规则变化

  one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth

  (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th

  twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth

  (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

  twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth



五、动词:动词的四种时态:


(1)一般现在时:

  一般现在时的构成

  1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

  2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。

  当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

  动词+s的变化规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

  2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies


  (2)一般过去时:

  动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:

  A、规则动词

  ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

  ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

  ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

  ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

  B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

  see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

  are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt


 (3)一般将来时:

  基本结构:

  ①be going to + do;

  ②will+ do. be going to = will

  I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

  (4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词

  动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:

  ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

  ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

  ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

编辑:狄宇
评论区
发表评论

评论仅供会员表达个人看法,并不表明网校同意其观点或证实其描述
教育部 中国现代教育网 不良信息 垃圾信息 网警110
郑重声明:本站全部内容均由本单位发布,本单位拥有全部运营和管理权,任何非本单位用户禁止注册。本站为教育公益服务站点,禁止将本站内容用于一切商业用途;如有任何内容侵权问题请务必联系本站站长,我们基于国家相关法律规定严格履行【通知—删除】义务。本单位一级域名因备案流程等原因,当前临时借用网校二级域名访问,使用此二级域名与本单位官网权属关系及运营管理权无关。宁武县东关小学校 特此声明。

联系地址: 宁武县后河街
北京网笑科技有限公司 仅提供技术支持 违法和不良信息举报中心